Hi there - hope you're well!
A lot of publishers use a plugin / technology on the site that would automatically translate the page for a user, or give them the option to translate into their local browser preferred language.
We can't advocate for particular plugins over others necessarily, but GTranslate is one we see most often.
That would avoid needing to manually create new webpages into additional languages.
It's not necessarily against policies to have multiple websites with similar content published in different languages. We can't speak to Google policies, you'd need to refer to their Search and Content policies.